Minggu, 19 Agustus 2007

Telephone and its story


Telephone and its story.


telephone

Telephone image courtsey: falmouthcomputers.co.uk


Though abused to the extreme it still remains as a good device.


Realizing the death of the distance.


With the advent of mobile phones old telephones have become ‘land lines’ and got pushed to a corner. It is time to think seriously that whether these old friends of ours are on the path of becoming history! This is not a requiem to these old friends but a history of the landmarks. Telephones have passed through numerous landmarks before becoming a very popular and useful device. In realizing the ‘death of the distance’ telephones have played a more prominent role than advanced transportation through super highways or bullet trains.


A very simple technology.


Its technology works like this spoken words said in to the mouth-piece of the user get converted in to electrical waves by his set and get transmitted through cables in the exchange. The exchange redirect (formerly it was done manually) the electrical waves to the destination (the receiver’s phone) his telephone reconverts the electrical waves in to sound (spoken words) and make him able to hear what is said. A telephone set does the dual functions of receiving as well as sending signals. This technology appears so simple but at that time of inception it took many stages to get developed in to perfection.


The chronology.


The story starts with the awarding of patent for telephone to Mr. Alexander Graham Bell in March 7, 1876. The right to this patent is considered as one of the most valuable one ever awarded. It is said that if Mr. Bell was late in filing the application by few hours the credit would have gone to one Elisha Gray, who also had been working in the same line.


The first user for a telephone Mr. Charles Williams who installed one in April 4, 1877, he connected his office and home with this device.


The first exchange.


May 17, 1877 Edwin Homes interconnected five telephones belonging to his clients’ offices with a common switch board (the first cousin of the exchange was thus born).


Mrs. Emma Nutt enters in to the pages of telephone history by joining as the first female


telephone operator in September 1, 1878. It is history that late this field became the fiefdom of women.


As a trading machine!


When the New York Stock Exchange introduced telephone in to its floor, it was the real break to the device to become ‘the money making machine’. Operators began to make millions just by sitting on the chair (This golden break came to telephone in 1879).


A numerical revolution.


So far the telephone subscribers were recorded in names and as their numbers swelled; it became difficult for the operators to memorize their names hence each subscriber was allotted with a number! A numerical revolution for the first time!


Telephone and sky scraper.


It is a seldom quoted fact that telephone was behind the emergence of sky-scrappers. World’s first sky scrapper built in Chicago for the Home Insurance Company would not have been conceived if communication facility via telephone was not developed, just think of messengers climbing so many floors with office documents!


The coin operated telephone the ubiquitous device of today came in to existence in August 13, 1889 in Connecticut. First telephone booths a novelty at that time was made of carved oak wood and decorated with fine draperies.


It would be strange to hear that it was an undertaker firm from Kansas City who gained patent for the first direct line telephone.


Friend of the farmer.


Telephone got the status of a rural developer in February 9, 1909 when Mr. Theodore Roosevelt then American President stated that telephones can play important roles in warding off rural isolation and can boost agricultural productivity.


With a phone on the desk.


It was in March 27, 1929 telephone got installed on the desk of a US president for the first time. Before that the president had to leave his chair to the booth outside!


A war and a phone-call.


telephones

Telephone image courtsey: sparkmuseum.com

September 1, 1939. At 2.40 AM President Franklin Roosevelt receives first word of the Second World War as a telephone call from Paris informs him that Hitler had invaded Poland. The world war in fact has done much for the proliferation of telephone density as it more than doubled during the war time.


November 18, 1963. Push button service introduced there by saving time and effort of the caller.


The introduction of telephones that can automatically reverse charges gave birth to the modern fad catalogue shopping; this was in June 14, 1965. Telephone was thus getting raised to the status of a business machine.


Use and abuse.


When young ones shout over mobile; instead of getting annoyed just think that the history of telephone is so magnificent that a kid’s misuse of it can never make us hate it. This device has changed the process of communication as simple as the entire globe on which we live has got reduced to a small settlement that one can talk to the other sitting from one end to the other end.


A pet dog that bites at times but catches criminals!


A phone is like a pet dog which is always with the owner at times it may bite; but is always very helpful and company. Excuse the kid for overusing and abusing the device. Almost all the recent crimes were proved with the help of mobile phone records; in that aspect it excels the police officers. In future also mobile phones will remain as the single largest catchers of criminals.


Poor North Koreans!


North Korea is a nation where mobile phones are banned, the reason is best known to the authorities. The help mobiles offer to criminals may be the perceived reason (for North Korea the term mean people who wish to live in freedom and prosperity!). Admitted that crimes are committed with the use of advanced communications like mobile phones; but these devices leave a trail for all the conversations made and thus help police to follow and catching the culprits sitting in the comforts of their office. Don’t hesitate; go mobile as the ad goes. Don’t be a North Korean sans mobile!


Sabtu, 18 Agustus 2007

Roshan's everlasting bond with Mohammad Rafi



Roshan's everlasting bond with Mohammad Rafi


Roshan galvanised the Indian horizon of film music with his excellent experiments on melody. He had created mujras, qawallis, ghazals, classical compositions which match the exact requirement of the theme of the films wherever he had worked.

The earlier films like Bawre Nain was created at a time when recording was not modernised to that extent. Even then his songs in the 50s like "bade armano se rakha hai balam" were hits. In the 60s Roshan utilized the Golden voice of Indian cinema, Mohammad Rafi in the most melodious manner that was possible. In the film Barsaat ki Raat,1960, the song "zindagi bhar nahin bhulenge woh barsaat ki raat" mesmerised the music lovers with the melody of the sarengi that was used so well. Rafi's voice floated like cirus clouds in the air and Bharatbhusan's performance in the film was well acclaimed by the Indian audience.The same film had a qawalli "yeh isq isq hai, isq isq" which was staretd by Manna Dey and completed by Rafi. The grammer of Qawalli was fully existant in the song.

Besides Roshan created songs with a very serene dimension in the film Aarti, 1963, picturised on pradeepkumar.Most of the songs were on Raag Pahari. Rafi created an intoxicating appeal with the songs "Ab kya misal doon mai tumhare shabab ki" and "aapne yaad dilaya tha to mujhe yaad aya". Meenakumari's performace was matched with the background score in the song "baharon ki manzil rahi."

In the film Tajmahal,1963, the andaz of Pradeepkumar almost replicated the style of living of emperor Shahjahan that existed during the mughal period.The songs of Rafi namely "Jo wada kiya ho nibhana parega" and "payon chulene do phulon ko inayat hogi" had matched the badshahi andaz of the historical period.The lyrics were written by shari Ludhiyanvi.Besides other everlasting creations of Roshan include "laga chunri me daag chupayun kase" sung by Manna Dey in the film "Dil hi to hai" picturised on Raj Kapoor, and "Kya baat hai tujhme teri tasver me nahin" sung by Mohammad Rafi.

In the film Chitralekha,1965, picturised on Pradeep Kumar, Roshan motivated Rafi to sing a legendary bhajan titled "man re to kahena dhir dhare, woh nir mohi moh na jane jinka moh kare". It was a blank verse with very little musical instruments being used. Rafi's performance was amazing. In the film Bheegi Raat, 1965, Rafi made people spell bound with the songs "jane woh kaun hai kya naam hai in ankhoka," and "dil jo na keh saka, wohi raze dil".Pradeep kumar's scrreen presence was outstanding as Roshan's orchestration and the sensational performance of Rafi.

Noted poet and music director Salil Chowdhury in his interview with Asha bhosle had said he admired Roshan the most because of his use of melody through the instruments used in the songs including sarengi, tabla, sexaphone, guitar and noted instruments. Asha Bhosle said that Rafi, Lata and others have worshipped Roshan like sage. The song in the film Bahubegum, titled "niklethe kahan jane ke liye pahunchethe kahan maloom nahi", almost told the story of Meenakumari who left home for not marrying pradeep kumar and ended up in a kotha.It was a mujra and the orchestration was outstanding by every means. The same film had one of the most immortal performance of Lata titled"Duniya kare sawal to hum kya jawab de." Rafi was outstanding with his final performance "hum intezer karenge tera qawamat tak, khuda karen ki qawamat ho aur tu aye." Viewers became speechless in the cinemahall with this song.

Besides Roshan's performance in the Film Mamta, 1967 is worth mentioning. Mamta was the hindi version of the Bengali film "Uttar Phalguni", which depicted the story of a tawaif who was victim of circumstances and shed blood to make her daughter a Barrister who ultimately pleads in the High Court of Calcutta in an alleged murder case of her mother.The performance of Suchitra Sen, the most versatile Actress of Bengali Cinema cannot be described in words.But the big challenge was matching the quality music composed by Robin chatterji in bengali film where the majority of the songs were sung by classical singer Sandhya Mukherjee.Roshan created the asme class of music in the film.the popular songs included "Rahe na rahen hum" sung by Lata and "in baharon me akela na phiro, rah me kaighata rok nale" sung by Rafi. But the type of Hindustani classical songs that used to be sung in the Class of singers called baijees in the late 18th century was displayed by Roshan.Roshan died in 1969 with his last film "anokhi raat." It is big loss for the Film industry because if aany composer had utilized the Royal style of Rafi's singing it was Roshan himself. Rafi's archive should contain the works of Roshan so that future generations can learn the grammer of Hindustani classical used under different moods.


Article By Souvik Chatterji
Master of Law from Warwick University, Coventry, UK.
Master of Law from Case Western Reserve Univerwsity, Cleveland, Ohio,USA.


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Jumat, 17 Agustus 2007

SD Burman and Mohammad Rafi


SD Burman and Mohammad Rafi

Sachin Dev BurmanSD Burman



Sachin Dev Burman was born in Tripura, where the fields, soil, trees and nature as a whole had shaped the music. There cannot be any music which is sweeter than the compositions that God has created in nature for human beings to cherish generation after generations. What is required is the poetic and musical mind to realise the melodies evident in the breeze, in the rainfall, in the fragrance of flowers blossoming at the arrival of spring.Tripura is situated at the border of East Bengal, and as a landmass has similarity with East Bengal and West Bengal which in Bengali we term as "nodi matric" meaning being fed by a number of rivers.The minds of the people in this part of the world is as soft as the alluvial soil of the Ganges, the Brahmaputra, the Padma and other rivers.


SD Burman came to Kolkata and learned Classical Music from the Giant of Ustadi Gharana named Viswadev Chatterji.Viswadev's famous song "Nabaruno Rage" used to be played as the first song in All India Radio in the morning, everyday and acted as messanger of dawn.The genius had taught SD Burman, ragas of different origin and created a legacy of Hindustani classical which shaped SD Burman into a grand creator as known by the later generations.


SD Burman had his won basic discs in Bengali, some having flavour of folk songs, others having the orthodox ragas embedded in them.His notable songs include "Paddar dheu re", "Jhilmil jhilmil jhiler jole dheu kheliya jaire","mono dilona, badhu",etc.When he went to Bombay, he took Manna Dey with him, another legendary singer of the Bengali modern era.Manna Dey
dominated the BEngali film arena with his tremedous performance in Uttamkumar's films "shankhobela", "Antony firingi",etc in the 60s and 70s.


SD Burman got involved with the Navketan Banner and composed most of his songs for that banner.But he developed an everlasting bond with Mohammad Rafi, the man with the golden voice who had an answer for the different emotions of human being, including happiness, tragedy, comedy,etc.


SD Burman had composed the songs "yeh mahalon ,yeh takhton, yeh tajho ki duniya" in the film Pyasa, 1957 and "Bichre sabhi, bari bari" in the film Kagaz ke phool, 1959, for Gurudutt, with whatever pathos e had in min. Rafi brought tears in the eyes of music lovers with his compassionate andaz.


Manna Dey sometimes had a grievance, that inspite of the classical control being possessed by him SD Burman had preferred Rafi in som of the clasical compositions. in the film Meri Surat Teri Ankhen, Manna Dey gave a superlative performance with the song "Pucho na kaise maine rain bitayi." Rafi had superceded SD Burman himself with the performance of "Tere bin sune" composed in raag Pilu which was the hindi version of SD's own song"Ami chinu Eka basoro Jagaye".


In the film Tere Ghar ke saamne, 1963, SD Burman's composition "tu kahan yeh bata","tere gharke saamne" "dil ka bhanwar karen pukar"and the rest of the songs combined sweetness of Rafi's with the folk effect in the orchestration.In the film "Teen deviyan" Rafi's song "aise to na dekho" and "Kahin bekhayal hoker" had Ghazal andaz.Besides Rafi's preformance in Guide,
1965, with the songs "Tere mere sapne", "din Dhal Jaye""Kaise kya ho gaya bewafa hogaya tere pyar me" brought out the softer side of SD Burman.


There are other songs like "Hum bekhudi me tumko pukare chale gaye" in the film kalapani,1960, where Rafi matched SD Burman himself (his bengali song was "Ghum bhulechi") and "yeh di diwana hai" and "mehbooba teri tasveer" in te film "Isqe par zor nahin" where Rafi's excellence is balanced with SD Burman's orchestration.In Rajenderkumar's film Talash, SD Burman brought out his best for Rafi in the song "Palkon ke peeche se."


The list of songs showing Rafi's combination with SD Burman can go on. But one thing is common, whenever SD Burman was passionate about the hindi version of his own songs, Rafi appeared in his mind automatically. Rafi's Archive should contain SD Burman's creation also to show the background of folk song and hindustani classical, used in the songs composed in 50s, 60s, 70s.

Article By Souvik Chatterji

Master of Law from Warwick University, Coventry, UK.
Master of Law from Case Western Reserve Univerwsity, Cleveland, Ohio,USA
.


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Kamis, 16 Agustus 2007

“Mommy,I want an Iraq too!…”



I was rather surprised as well as enlightened to hear my friend’s elder sisters youngest child(its not as complicated as it seems to be) saying she wanted to buy an iraq too. It told me two things about the friggin human race-one, that even a kid knows to an extent how an advanced capitalist society works, two, that the kid along with a lot more other persons are gravely misinformed.

So on the outset itself,let me make one thing clear. Iraq is not for sale. Granted the u.s has already brought it, but it was, lets call it, ‘forced transaction’. There is a war on iraq not because of 9/11 but because it has resisted to sell its oilfields. After the war, the oil fields in iraq are under the giant conglomerate ‘shell’ along with one other corporate in the scene as well(American of course). In short no iraqi owned company or its government has control over its own natural resource-not even one percent! Talking about one percent, that’s the amount out of the profits that the oil owning companies in iraq have to pay the Iraqi government as tax, which is worse than laughable. Its lamentable.

Don’t even for one second think that this is something superficial that’s not gonna affect you, regardless of the space on earth u a located at. The Indian government along with any and other governments in need of oil(ha ha ha) should now deal with shell and other corporates instead of the Iraqi government which means a higher price(already its triple the rate it was 5 years back). So oil prices go up in india and elsewhere which inturn causes the hike in general goods. Kerala, where I come from, already holds a ‘key position’ in the case of suicide. We don’t need anymore reasons do we?

The war on iraq is just the culminative symptom of the global corporatisation. The situation is worsening elsewhere as well. 40% of chattisgarh, India is already under naxal control, along with parts of Punjab, haryana, kerala and Gujarat. Who created these so called ‘naxalites’? we did. For selling off resources to corporates, the governments evicted people from lands evicting them from their livelihoods as well. The agricultural output of kerala has come down drastically. More than 50% of agricultural farms are under corporate control now, the paradox of which is that farmers who used to work in a particular farmland get evicted and the corporate who are the new owners employ them again, only this time at lower wages often in inhuman condition, and the prices of the products are hiked up to make everyone dizzy. Its these evicted people who find themselves considered my the many as ‘naxalites’.

U must be wondering if I am not being paranoid here. After all there aint that much news goin on about such things.right?

Wrong. U don’t get to hear about such things because the corporate owned media would not let u know it. Because they fear that if u know about it, u will recognize the grave injustice that is being done to people and maybe, just maybe, u may actually do something about it. The situation is not one of empathy or sympathy anymore. This is a case of self-defence. Ignoring it is sheer suicide. U may keep ignoring it and sit on ur ass scratching ur wifes when some masked personnel crashes in and lay off some of ur hard earned wealth as well as doing some kamasutra shit on ur wife. People rarely think straight when in rage.

Lets take a break now. I will tell u a story. This really happened to me. I was having this conversation with someone who is very near and dear to me(he still is) and somehow it strayed into a news article that came up on some journal recently. It was about the sex tourism in kovalam, how little kids are getting used and all that. My near n dear person then said something that really grabbed my attention-for the wrong reasons. He said “whats wrong with these fucking journalists? They should not bring out such news. As long as we keep our images clean, we can all make money and be happy”. There must have been a time when the knowledge of someone getting hurt in vile manners would have been enough for the general population to do something about it. Not anymore. Now the only language we understand is the language of greed. And hence I will provide u with some reasons along those lines so that u can reconsider ur stand on corporate globalization. And if u happen to belong to the profile of my near n dear one I told u about, two options are there for u-‘get over it!’ or ‘get off!’. I am not george.w.bush the lesser here saying “u r either with us or against us’.thats horseshit. To this date the u.s has not produced any evidence linking saddam Hussein to 9/11 attacks. But we have plenty of proof of iraq not complying with shell or other American corporates prior to the war. All I am saying here is that there is simply no time left for grooming convertees now. Time is of essence here. Each second we are sitting idle, someone out there gets hurt or killed for it.

Land lobbying is the ‘in-thing’ in kerala now. Of course, evicting the poor for accommodating the rich is now new thing. Its practically a cliché. But not to those getting evicted, for them it’s a nightmare. In trivandrum where I am located at now, land mafias evict the poor systematically, with or without government support is ur guess, and builds up multi-apartment flats. The major portion of subscribers to such apartments are not surprisingly the employees of one or other companies in he IT booms gift to trivandrum-‘technopark’.

The land with fresher air, clearer water, better infrastructure are being reserved for these people(which could be u or me) while the people who previously lived on those lands (which,again,could be u or me) find themselves on the streets one fine day, without even an ample compensation package. Those who don’t actually own the land they are victed from are even worse off. They cant even keep a small glimmer of hope for any compensation. That’s not how a democracy is run. Just because they don’t own land does not mean they should be out on the streets. Last time I checked, u dont have to be a property owner to be an Indian citizen. And last time I double checked, all Indians have the right to their basic necessities including a place to stay in. of course I am not saying that corporate globalization is the sole reason for escalating number of internally displaced in our nation as well as elsewhere, I am saying that its rising by the minute due to corporate globalization. Can u assure me that these ‘displaced’ as we love to call them are not gonna come after the economically better off who live in houses with good air and watr? Again I am not being paranoid. It has begun already. The number of people turning to ‘anti-social behaviour’ is at an all time high. Its almost funny that this all is happening at a time of unparalleled economic boom for India as well as across the world. But this era of mammoth economy is also the era of poverty. Yes, while the average economic growth of major capitalist nation is commendable, the number of people below the poverty line is escalating( at a steady 2.5% per year in India). 4% of indias population gets work in corporate/associated fields a year, at the price of 2.5% in poverty. Is it fair enough a price? Whaddya think? Do u honestly think there is one good enough reason we can give them to urge them not to partake in the uprisal already happening across India, that too at a steadily escalating pace.

If u r concerned and not like my ‘dear n near’ one, here are certain things u can do to ensure corporate ethics. Saying everything should be under government control is foolish and impractical. Hence what we want here is for the corporates to take up responsibilities.

First of all, there are hosts of low key builders in every major cities who have apartments ready for u. they too survive by keeping the ‘goondas’ happy and paying them. But they are not paying the goondas for evicting people. They pay them just to appease them. When u have to buy an apartment, check with these builders.

If u r working for a corporate(which in this day and age just about everyone is.its all the same, so boring…), u r not doing so bad to begin with. Work for a corporate, but don’t be a fucking leech. Work for some years, make money and get out of there. Find a low key job once u r financially secure. U know u really don’t need that fourth villa facing the goddam beach.

The corporates have inadvertently put into our hands an incredible weapon-the internet. Use it to good effect. Even this blogspot, I don’t know how many corporates are supporting it and how many of them are honest and well meaning..(dream on..), but use such spaces anyway to spread awareness. And spreading awareness is never enough. That’s just the first step girlie. What u have to do then is take up action.

Partake in peaceful demonstrations that are for worthwhile causes.put pressure on the governments to ensure that no one, absolutely no one gets hurt for the sake of globalization. The ‘globalisation of tourism’ has found the kids in kovalam at the low end. Don’t allow such victims.

Word of caution:it would be wise on ur part not to partake in demonstrations organized by political parties unless u r absolutely sure of it. There are a lot of people’s resistance movements happening around mostly out of necessity and sometimes out of sheer frustration. Join up these and march with them. Collect up signatures, u r a citizen, send the signed form to the relevant minister and ensure that u have shown him/her u r displeaces with the way a situation or commodity is being ‘globalised’. The costal areas across India is the latest in the array of ‘commodities’ to be corporatized and the ordinary fisherfolk would most probably lose their livelihood with big players coming into the play. That’s a worthy cause. Join up. Or u may soon find u have to but stale fish stored- at below freezing temperatures and sold at finger burning prices. No bargains anymore. No siree…

And probably the greatest form of revolt u can perform in this day and age is the act of not buying. Small scale industries still exist, though on the verge of extinction. Buy their products. There are substitute products available for most corporate products,most of them better than the much publicized. Look for such items. If u have to buy a magazine, don’t buy it from the corporate franchise, buy it from the local street vendor. And avoid buying stuff u don’t really want. That saves money and a lot of lives. In this day of advanced capitalism, each and every act of buying ou not buying is a political act in itself.

I am very much aware that most of those who read this wouldn’t even give this a second thought. The only thought they would come up with will be something like-“whats wrong with this bloke, ant up his ass?” I respect the assessment and yes, there is an ant up our collective asses and its working its way to our brain, and unless we act it will eat up our brains and we will be dead in no time.

Justify Full

Then again there will be a few who will consider this extremely seriously. They will see the urgency of the situation. They will do something, anything, to counter the effect of widening the ridge between the rich and poor. There will be a few who actually cares about others without pretentions. I hope you are one of those few, for its in the hands of the few that the future of our world rests.

Peace!

Selasa, 14 Agustus 2007

Laxmikant Pyarelal and Mohammed Rafi



Laxmikant Pyarelal's immortal relationship with Mohammad Rafi.




Laxmikant Pyarelal emerged into the Indian film arena at a period when the main stream cinema was flooded with extremely talented music directors,lyricists and filmmakers in the 60s.Already the film industry has created its own unique standard due to the sheer brilliance of Musical Giants like Shankar Jaikishan, Naushad, Madanmohan, Roshan, Khayyam, Salil Chowdhury and many others and the versatile performance of Mohammad Rafi for over 15 years.

Laxmikant and Pyarelal


Laxmikant Pyarelal the legendary musical duo included Laxmikant Shantaram Kudalkar(1937-1998) and Pyarelal Ramprasad Sharma (born in 1940).Laxmikant was quite impressed with Mandolin and learnt to play it by his own. He used to play mandolin in street functions.Pyarellal was the son of renouned trumpeter Pandit Ramprasad Sharma and his specialisation was violin.Laxmikant and Pyarelal met at Sureel Kala Kendra, a music academy for children, run by the Mangeshkar family. After Lata Mangeshkar came to know about their financially poor backgrounds, Lata recommended their names to different music directors in the film industry.Both them started their career with the film Parasmani(1963).Two songs of Mohammad Rafi "Woh Jab Yaad Aye, bahut yaad aye" and "Roushan tumhi se duniya" brought fame for the musical duo.

Laxmikant was fond of the orchestration of Shankar Jaikishan to such an extent that some of their earlier tunes were similar to a huge number of Shankar's compositions. In the next film Dosti,1964, Laxmikant Pyarellal got inspired by a very extraordinary standard of musical performance by Bengali Music Director Robin Chatterji in composed music for the Bengali film Lalu Bhulu, 1958.The story depicted a blind boy and a his friend who did not have one leg.In the bengali film all the songs were sung by Manobendra Mukherjee who was a genius in hindustani classicals and has rich collection of Bengali modern songs,Kirtan, Nazrulgeeti and Bhaktigeeti. The notable songs include "Dukkho amar shesh kore dao probhu","Jar hiya akasher neel nilimaye","Ei pranjholona jaglo".The striking part of the film was that no conventional hero or herione were depicted in the story, as the tragic story of the two handicapped friends was the central attraction.

Laxmikant Pyarelal had a huge challenge to match the music of the bengali film and create the same standard of excellence. Both Laxmikant Pyarelal and Majrooh Sultanpuri sat together to compose the songs.The result was history. Rafi's song "Chahunga mai tujhe saanz sawere", "Mera to joh bhi kadam hai","rahi manwa dukh ki chinta kyun satati hai", "janewalon zara"brought tears in the pandemonium hall.Rafi was so impressed with the compositions of Laxmikant Pyarelal that he had taken just one rupee for singing the song because it was the custom of a singer to take something in return for a professional song.The film became a huge success. Laxmikant Pyarelal won the filmfare award in 1964 for composing best music in a year when Shankar Jaikishan has composed songs for Sangam, 1964, Naushad had composed for Leader, 1964, Madanmohan had composed songs for Woh Kaun thi, 1964, Roshan had composed songs for Aarti. From that time onwards Laxmikant Pyarellal never looked back and their everlasting bond with Rafi just grew with time.

Their similarity with Shankar-Jaikishan is evident in the composition of the songs "woh hai zara khafa khafa" in the film Shagird, 1967 picturised on Joy Mukherjee and "Nazar na lag jaye" in the film Night In London,picturised on Biswajeet, 1967. These compositions had led to Shankar Jaikishan transforming their own style as people started geeting mixed up with their composititions. But one factor was unique.The amount of affection Shankar Jaikshan had for Mohammad Rafi, the same passion was carried on by Laxmikant Pyarelal till Rafi's death in 1980 as his last song in the film Aas Paas , 1980,was composed by Laxmikant Pyarelal. Dharmender and Jeetender had different story lines in the films of late 1960s and early 70s, but one thing was common. both had some of the extraordinary songs of Mohammad Rafi composed by Laxmikant Pyarellal.Examples can be "Hui sham unka khayal agaya" from the film Mere mhumdum Mere Dost, 1968, "Baar Baar Din yun aye" from the film Farz, 1967. Besides LP pair had provided tunes sungs by Mohammad Rafi in the films of Jeetender namely Jigri Dost, Banphool, Humjoli and the hits of Dharmender namely Aya Sawan Jhumke,Jeevan Mrityu, etc.Lastly after the death of Jaikishan in 1971, Raj Kappor engaged Laxmikant Pyarelal for his films starting with Bobby in 1973.

The song "hum tum ek kamre me bandh hai" had the same effect with the accordian as Shankar Jaikishan used to have in RK films.That led to LP pair ruling the film industry in the 1970s when most of the legendary music directors died and his only rivals included RD Burman and Kalyanji Anandji. In a very action pact scenario when the films of Amitabh Bacchan, Vinod Khanna had more concentration towards violence, LP pair created soft songs for Rishi Kapoor. Rafi's songs "Dafli wale", "Ramjiki nikli sawari" in the film Sargam, 1978 and"Parda hai Parda", "Shirdiwali Saibaba" in Amar Akbar Anthony, 1977 and "Darde dil" in the film Karz, 1979, had brought filmfare awards for Laxmikant Pyarellal one after the other. He had tremendous combination with Rishi Kapoor and Mohammad Rafi and balanced romantic songs with the popular taste of film music.As they survived for the longest period of time, substantial number of Rafi's songs are composed by them. So the creations of Laxmikant Pyarelal involving should be preserved in the aarchives where Rafi's other songs are restored.

Article By Souvik Chatterji

Master of Law from Warwick University, Coventry, UK.
Master of Law from Case Western Reserve Univerwsity, Cleveland, Ohio,USA.


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Senin, 13 Agustus 2007

Memorabilia



Memorabilia, Mementoes, Omiyage or just a Souvenir.



Embodiment of memories.


All the words of the heading are familiar to everyone but the third one ‘omiyage’ which is of Japanese origin and means the same- any object treasured for the memories associated with a period or an event. A trivial thing bought while on a tour from a certain place can induce the memories related with that time when it was purchased. There are old couples who keep things worth less than a penny and not willing to part with it even for a $ million, because they bought it while they were on their honeymoon or any other happy occasion, for them it evokes all the good things they had while they were young. A $ million can never recreate those memories as this objects can.


A practice beyond boundaries.


Buying and keeping a thing as a souvenir is not a novel idea at all, from time immemorial people went for pilgrimage brought home something like a picture of the shrine, image of the deity, a booklet about it or some offerings they received from the shrine etc (Indian temples give pilgrims saffron powder, sandal paste etc while stalls around churches sell images holy icons, booklets or rosaries or other things particular with that shrine. Though these are small inexpensive it is not so for the devotees, for them these are images representing far away places they visited during their good times.


Ganges- water or Zum-Zum.


Muslims who perform ‘Dul Haj’ (pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca) brings with them a can of holy-water from the Zum-Zum well at Arabia (zum-zum is a wonderful phenomenon - a source of water that exists in the dessert for years and never go dry). This is akin to the Hindu pilgrims who carry pots with the water of the holy River Ganges when the return after pilgrimage. This pot of water is kept along with the deities they worship in a place considered most sacred. Water of Zum-Zum or that of Ganges is just water, But not for the devotees! Who insist that at the time of their death this water may be dropped in to their lips; that are their affection towards a few drops of water!


A tree for a visitor


It seems to be an ideal practice that when V I Ps visit some location they are provided to plant a sapling, which grow and keep the memory of that person as well as provide shade, wood, flowers, fruits and fresh air to the pedestrians. These trees also function as standing memorabilia above all their duties as trees! - Signed Memorabilia.



Moon-stones!


Astronauts who return from moon; bring with them some pebbles with them, these pebbles are valuable for scientific experiments, but the value they command as souvenirs is far greater. If they are just another type pebbles why they are kept in grand museums with special security. If a wedding ring is just another ring why couples keep them as invaluable treasures? We live in a world of reality but can only feel it with the senses engulfed in subjectivity. Diamonds are another form of charcoal but people pay a fortune to own them! - Signed Autographs.


Soul of India!


In all tourist destinations selling of memorabilia is big business and there are frauds who deceive pilgrims and tourists by selling cheap and spurious things as the original for high prices. The author remembers two comedians in a Malayalam film selling twigs and driftwoods to tourists as ‘soul of India’! These twigs they collect from tea-gardens shape them in strange forms color it and sell it to tourists. Intrigued by their shape and the strange names tourists buy it as a memorabilia and take to their distant homes to be kept for years to come! The soul of a nation in the shape of twigs is a novel idea, and there may be a lot of homes where the owners may be boasting that the soul of India is safe in their hands!


Where heart commands.


Hand-kerchiefs, tooth picks, undergarments, caps, guitar picks etc once used by celebrities are treasures for their fans, and the craze is that big that celebrities can be rich simply by selling undergarments! It is a very very subjective world, reality and reasoning is not only irrelevant but also foolish as well as cruel at times. Let heart has its way and brain go on holiday! It would be cruel to approach a widow for buying an unused car in her porch, she can’t drive; but for her that is a bundle of memories; it was a bond between her and her husband and all happy times of their togetherness. It would only be the job of mega-bores to suggest a woman of selling her wedding ring to tide over a crisis, financial issues come and go but wedding ring not!


A Japanese touch.


It is probably the Japanese who are real believers in memorabilia (for them they are ‘meibutsu or omiyage’ they adhere to buy things specific things associated with a particular area while on visit or taste a food that is a specialty of that area hence this is big business there. Tourists get engaged in a buying spree not only for them but for their dear and near who could not pay a visit to that place. Not just curios, T shirts or caps (meibutsu) but eatables belonging to that area are souvenirs (omiyage) for the Japanese.


For the pilgrims.


Indian temples had been a haven for souvenirs far before the consumer revolution come in to being, the temples offers sweets like ‘laddus’ (a round soft sweet made of sugar, flour, butter oil etc, the laddu offered in Thiruppathi temple is bigger than a tennis ball), Thrimadhuram (an offering made of three sweets) etc. Numerous stall surrounding the temples sell many (most of them cheap) materials like the idols of the deity, pictures, and framed canvasses with the name of the deity etc. Devotees buy them and take home to be kept as a souvenir or for giving them to their relatives as gifts.


German Wall for sale.


It was a fad to buy stones claimed to be part of the German Wall that was demolished when Germany got united. Tricksters made hay while sun of democracy shined in erstwhile East Germany and pebbles and concretes wastes sold for dear sums. Visitors to the unified Germany happily returned with bagful of concrete powder. If visit to the moon was a bit more frequent there would have been a lot of stores selling moon-stones!


Deceiving souls? Beware!


If dry twigs can be the soul of a great nation, some concrete waste can be that of German Wall and a pebble found at the road side can be that from moon after a little washing and polishing! Memorabilia is something connected with the soul of those who keep it, cheating an innocent soul is such a great a sin; the tricksters and touts -however smart they are- won’t escape the wrath of god. one credited place you could find the stuff you need is here :- Memorabilia and Autographs - they are a member of the Universal Autograph Collectors Club. ( Founded in 1965, the UACC is the oldest and most reputable club of it's kind in the world. It is run by collectors, for collectors.)Most of the memorabilia seen and sold from this site have been collected from the celebrities either personally or by their agents. And all items bought from them carry a personal, lifetime, money-back guarantee that they are genuine. Moreover items that you find on this site are not simply a signature on a bit of card or photo: Some are framed and mounted with other material and/or photos to further enhance the impact of the memento. Happy collecting.



Sabtu, 11 Agustus 2007

‘No way!’. Say that to these....



A list of popular products you
should / should not Buy, Use or Endorse




Here is a little something I’ve whipped up that is a list of products/companies you should not buy/endorse. The reason for not buying as well as buying is given alongside each entry.


Disclaimer: this list does not claim to be complete. Actually this is not even the tip of the tip of the tip of the iceberg but here goes..


Product no:1- Pespsi/coca cola


Reason for not buying:


Both of the soft drink giants have started and are maintaining rather successfully bottling plants causing serious environmental problems in the surrounding areas causing physical ailments to the residents. Plachimada in kerala is just but an instant of this ‘soft kill’. In addition, it is widely known that next to jesus rising out of the tomb the availability of pepsi/cola products in the legal market is the greatest miracle of all times since almost all standard authority norms on the level of chemicals have been violated by both companies. There is more, but I think you have reasons enough now.


Reason for buying:


So that u can buy it to ur child and kill him/her with stomach cancer thereby excluding urself from any future parental responsibilities. Seriously that’s the only reason I can see.


Product no:2- GAP products (Clothing related accessories)


Reason for not buying:


Conclusive proof has been obtained and produced before authorities including the U.N (with no results as usual) showing that GAP uses as employees women and children made to work for 20 hours a day without pay and under locks and guns, yes guns. This is especially true in the middle east. Assault on the ‘employees’ are a daily issue with physical abuse and whole lotta other shit. So everytime u buy a GAP product some poor child might be getting hurt for it.

Reason for buying:


err..well…



Product no:3- Saint gobain


Reason for not buying:


There exist only very few nations on the earth where these buggers have not started up factories evicting farmers illegally, even when government orders were with the farmers. Of course the governments should be more responsible but so is the company.

Reason for buying:


So that u can look at ur ugly mug on the mirror.


Product no:4- Any and all bottled water


Reason for not buying:


An estimate of roughly 200 people around the globe are dying due to scarcity of water simply because some big conglomerate or other has ‘brought off’ the local water sources like rivers and sometimes even canals (yeah, I also don’t know how they do that, I mean canals are built in the first place to bring water to the people). Worst hit in the world include Gujarat in India as well alongside certain Scandinavian villages.


And the 200 figure I gave at the beginning is a safe estimate.


Reason for buying:


Look at ur life! Slaving from morn till night all because food has been privatized. Do u want to make it any worse than it already is?



Product no:5- mcdonalds


Okay, this is a company but forget the friggin’ grammar man!


Reason for not buying:



This is the company that has single handedly made the largest number of people in the world what media people like to call internally displaced and what normal people call homeless. Using ‘tactics’ such as using the local mafia/underworld forces to properly ‘persuade’ people to leave their homes for meagre sums that wouldn’t even buy them a one time meal for two from mcd itself, it is something greater than injustice that this company is being allowed to continue with its current mode of operation.


Reason for buying:


for those cute giveaway toys, but we can live without those, cant we?


Product no:6- Ford


Reason for not buying:



A company that ‘officially’ supports and make money out of america’s so called fight on terrorism that is going on in the assumption that all the baddies in the whole world are in the middle east/iraq area, should not only not be supported but should possibly be pissed on in my opinion. Minus the funds coming in from companies such as ford, many innocents in the war ridden regions of the world would have better chance to live.


Reason for buying:



Simply for satisfying your killer instinct and getting away with it.



For knowing about products u can buy without hurting others, log on to www.maketradefair.com