Seven Forgotten Wonders of the Medieval World

Seven Forgotten Wonders of the Medieval World

• Abu Simbel Temple

Abu Simbel Temple

Abu Simbel and its Twin Temple, The temple of Ramesses is known as ‘Great Temple’ and the other one at about hundred meters away is the temple of Hathor and Nefertari.This twin temple was built as a memorial of Kadesh War, as well as to impress and intimidate the other kings of that area.

• Angkor Watt

Angkor Watt

Angkor Watt, Antonia da Magdalene a Portuguese traveler of 1586 has written “It is such an extraordinary construction that it is not possible to describe it with a pen, particularly since it is like no other building in the world. It has towers and decoration and all refinements which the human genius can conceive of”.

• Taj Mahal

Taj Mahal

The focus of Taj Mahal is the white tomb; its elements are all Persian with symmetrical buildings with iwan (large hall with open front - generally with large arch- and other three sides enclosed). The marble dome (in the shape of onion called amrud or guava dome) that rests upon the tomb is the most spectacular view for a visitor who looks the Taj from outside.

• Mont Saint Michel

Mount Saint Michel

This island -formerly known as ‘Mont Tombe’- was a stronghold of the Romano-Briton culture, with construction of the monastery in 8^th century it came to be known in the present name - Mount Saint Michel. The Franks (an ethnic stock of West Germanic origin) captured it; thus ending a legacy that lasted even after the exit of the Romans in AD 460.

• Moai Statues - Easter Island

Moai Statues in Easter Island

Had there been no moais; the Easter Island would have remained as one among the thousands of remote islands in the Pacific Ocean and no one would have wasted time thinking about it. There are about 887 of them as per the inventories. These moais are believed to be images of the ancestors (probable deified) of the islanders; may be a sign of ancestor worship).

• Acropolis / Parthenon

Acropolis / Parthenon

The sacred temple for the Athena Parthenon was constructed after the Greek victory over the Persians on the banks of Eurymedon River, Propylaea; is a tetra-style Ionic structure with colonnaded porticos. Its facade was designed by Kallikrates with monumental gates in front and rear with marble columns originally built by Peristratus was rebuilt on its remnants.

• Shwedagon Pagoda

Shwedagon Pagoda

Myths and folklores have answers to all questions; as they have no limitations science and archaeology have. Let us rely upon the Burmese myths to understand the origin of the temple and the invaluable relic kept inside it. This temple is believed to be about two thousand five hundred years old (archaeologists opine that it has been built between 6^th and 10^th century).

Porcelain Tower of Nanjing

The Porcelain Tower of Nanjing China

Porcelain Tower of Nanjing

Bao’ensi = Temple of Gratitude

Not so long ago,

This Buddhist Pagoda known as the Porcelain Tower does not exist now; yet in history this magnificent tower that radiated sunrays and functioned as a center of pilgrimage stands tall among world wonders. As per records this Buddhist Pagoda was constructed by a Chinese Emperor by name Yung le in the 15^th century. It was located on the South Bank of Yangtze River in Nanjing Territory in China. This tower was 260 feet high octagonal (with eight corners) in shape with 97 feet in diameter. At the time of its construction it was the largest building in China. It existed up to the middle of the 19^th century and the outside world came to know of its existence through the European travelers visited the area.

A war and one victim!

Porcelain Tower of Nanjing Map

At present the details furnished by those travelers (among them there were historians mathematicians, sailors and explorers) are the only sources through which modern man can get a peep hole in to one of the Seven Manmade Wonders that existed for four centuries and got destroyed in course of time. 1843 book of Granville Gover Loch has reference about this tower. ‘Plan of Civil and Historical Architecture’ (published in 1721) by Fischer von Erlach has given a beautiful illustration of this Buddhist Pagoda standing in a valley with beautiful hills in the back-ground.

Manmade and man-destroyed!

This Buddhist Pagoda had to face two damages the first was a bolt of lightening that struck in 1801 and its top got ripped off; this god made disaster could be repaired but the manmade disaster in the shape of Taiping Revolution was detrimental and marked its end. The rebels who took control of the area (1840-1850) smashed the stairs to stop others from using it as a platform. Some American sailors visited the area have reported to have seen a hollow structure. Later the rebels destroyed (1856) even the remaining parts of this beautiful structure in vengeance. The remnants of the structure were lying uncared for years and recently the Chinese Government has taken interest in the rich ancestry of their nation and started to rebuild the structure in the same style.

Those shining four centuries!

In its golden times the Porcelain Tower was covered with superior quality white and shining porcelain bricks interlaid with colored stones; during days that reflected sunrays bathing the entire area in light and during nights numerous (reported to be 140 in number) lights were hung to illuminate the beautiful pictures (imprinted by glazes and stoneware) of flowers, animals, landscapes and Buddhist images. Its large spire originated from the eighth floor stood all the way up to the roof. It is believed that the spiral staircase had 140 steps that matched with the number of the lamps that illuminated the outer wall.

The structure of all East

The Porcelain Pagoda, as illustrated in Fischer von Erlach's Plan of Civil and Historical Architecture

Ever since its construction as a shrine it was a pilgrim centre for the Buddhists and it still pulls crowds. The recent endorsement as one of Seven Manmade Wonders of the World has added its attraction to the site. This temple has been exclaimed as a sublimely elegant example of Buddhist Architecture by those who have seen it in first person and the French Mathematician Le Compte who happened to visit the site during the early 19^th century has rightly written “The best contrived and the structure of all the east”, this remark contain all.