Biodiesel and Elephants

Biodiesel to be cheaper by the grace of Elephants !!!

Elephant image courtsey: geocities.com

Elephant dung contains a fungus..........

Dung, no more shit! It is amorphous gold.

Please don’t ask questions like who, when, how and where, these are only known to the “Reuters” who reported it. Somewhere in Netherlands (as per the reporters) most probably on last Thursday some scientist/s (names not released) has/have discovered a sort of fungus in the elephant dung which is capable of digesting (disintegrating in to basic components) plant cellulose and making it fit to take part in the fermentation process. It is said that this process will be useful in producing bio-fuels. The significance of this discovery (if the report is confirmed) is discussed in the following paragraph.

20% v/s 80%.

Elephant and dung image courtsey: gallery.hd.org

At present when biofuels are produced from biomass like sugarcane, corn etc. In the conventional process as 80 percent of the materials being made of cellulose (since it does not breaks down) go waste as cellulose as such does not take part in fermentation process. At present there is no economically viable process to disintegrate plant cellulose and making it to take part in the process of fermentation. In sugarcane producing countries like Brazil and India this waste is used as fuel or sent to paper mills to be crushed in to pulp.

Biodiesel can be made 50% cheaper.

Sugar cane image courtsey: sparror.cubecinema.com

The discovery of this fungus in the elephant dung may be capable of millions of tonnes of waste in to ethanol thereby adding much value to the sugarcane or corn. Ultimately the farmers are benefited as their produce fetching greater price. Users of biofuels may get this product in half the price even if farmers are paid more and the refiners get better margin. The difference is not small 80% of the waste which is burnt raw gets converted in to much sought after biofuel v/s just 20% at present. Burning cane waste for power may turn similar to burning currency notes for the purpose in the near future.

Waste is wealth.

The significance of this discovery is not limited in just sugarcane or sweet potato but the entire biomass like sawdust, dry leaf that litters the roads, straw etc may be turning in to money spinners and disposing of the street waste may be no more the burden on the part of the local bodies as they will not be littered, even if a piece of paper dropped carelessly may be grabbed by the onlooker! The following is a true story which will happen in 20^th May 2010!

The story of a just policeman!

Policeman image courtsey: marcorsyscom.usmc.mil

Location M.G. Road Ernakulam, Kerala state, India, time 9-30 in the morning, street crowded as usual. An old man found quarreling with a one middle aged person; reason came to be known as the middle-aged took some paper lost by the old man. The loser claiming that the waste paper belonged to him which he had accidentally dropped. As the quarrel progresses policeman interferes taking possession of the paper driving both claimants away by threats of dire consequences. When claimants vanish the policeman puts it his in his pocket go home and tells his wife “Darling, I managed a piece of waste paper today let’s make some biofuel and fill our scooter”.

Another true story one week after publishing the blog.

Blogger image courtsey: nadadotcom.com

The author sitting in his living room sees some people crowded in the neighborhood, he went to see what was going on and found somebody stirring in a large copper vessel (which contained some dry leaves put in water) on the stove. On enquiry I came to know that he was making biofuel after reading my blog (the author felt a sense of pride as it was a good thing to have admirers along with some fear as if his experiment fails anything could happen!). That man also pointed to the elephant dung he has stocked for use! His plan was simple when the water is boiled let it cool add some dung and leave the concoction to ferment for one week, boil collect the vapor in a bottle and pour it in the car.

Witch potion maker image courtsey: printactivities.com

Every elephant has his day!

Elephants are very much related with Indian cultural celebrations like temple festivals, in these programs they are taken to temples to temples thereby inflicting much sufferings in to these poor animals. If they are kept for their dung at least they may better fed (as more feeds mean more dung!). It may be elephant’s day coming as the old adage goes “every elephant has his day”.

Jatropha

Much Sense in Jatropha. Spare the edible oils.

Jatropha plant image courtsey: kanpurdehat.nic.in

Pressing panic buttons, or just a warning?

“Oil may trade around $ 100 a barrel” Jim Rojers.

Panic grips the world at the thought of living without oil; energy security has become the buzz-word among economists and strategists. The hunt is on for alternative fuel that can replace the depleting sources of crude hasn’t made any headway. Oil has been a political weapon ever since the first Gulf-war. Developing nations bear the brunt as they are forced to cough up all their savings to buy oil and forced to cut food allocations.

Indonesia and Malaysia both rich in palm oil have been promoting its use as a feed stock for the production of biodiesel. Many a companies have joined their bandwagon starting biodiesel plants using palm oil as feed stock. India, Brazil and Thailand are rich in sugarcane farms and hence tilting towards ethanol, which can be sourced from sugar factories. This article is a comparative study about the alternative fuels and the pros and cons of going for them.

What about palm oil ???

Palm oil fruit image courtsey: community.foe.co.uk

This is a recent report from Kuala Lumpur, on April 9, 2007 “crude palm oil prices jumped 1% in a single day to reach its 8 year high $ 618 a tonne”. Malaysian palm oil prices soared 40% last year because of bio-diesel demand. Palm oil being a widely consumed food such soaring prices can put poor people in difficulties inviting law and order issues. It is beyond doubt that the governments of these nations will be forced to discard the dreams of promoting palm oil as a feed stock for biodiesel within short time.

Too much ethanol may make the sugar sour.

Ethanol is a sugar factory bye product used to blend in petrol. India is a big sugarcane producer, this year there is lot to spare, last year it was deficient and exports had to be banned, that is the sugar story. Sugarcane crop is highly water sensitive it may either wilt in slight drought or die out in floods. Its sustained supply is not at all guaranteed. Any surge in sugar price can invite political interference stopping supply of cane to biodiesel plants thereby chocking of feed stock supply.

Australia’s mission.

Without feed stock no industry can churn out any products and bio-diesel industry is no exception. Listen to Mr. Nathan Mahalingam, Managing Director of Australia’s Mission bio-fuels Ltd, He rightly opines that the biodiesel industry is heading for consolidation in three to five years as rising raw material cost may put small, independent producers under pressure and most probably they may be pushed out of business. Only producers with assured feedstock chain will survive.

Mr. Mahalingam has also stated that his company will ultimately switch over to jatropha oil which is 40% cheaper than palm oil which is perhaps the sweetest part in his remarks.

Ethanol expert turns to jatropha.

The carbon cycle image courtsey: eia.doe.gov

It is more heartening to see that the “ethanol experts” Brazil has also started to look towards jatropha, Brazilian giant Bionasa is all set to start a mega plantation of 2,00,000 thousand hectare jatropha plantation there. The 2% blending of bio-fuel Brazil has made mandatory is fast attracting more multinationals towards this direction, no doubt the ethanol saga will be repeated in jatropha also.

Time of the idea has come.

Jatropha was formerly a wild plant now widely cultivated for its seeds which yield un-edible oil in larger quantity per hectare and needs less water or care. These facts are only recently recognized by the governments and big companies and they are all out to exploit the recently opened opportunity. Many governments (especially European) have made it mandatory to blend bio-fuels to varying proportions. And an infinite market has opened before a producer for selling the product, only issue being feed-stock availability.

Exciting opportunities in India.

It has become a survival strategy for companies to have their own crop lest their plants will idle. The Australian mission along with all other players is all out to increase the acreage of the jatropha crops. They have already started 22,000 acre plantation in India itself and all out to expand it to 100,000 acres.

Lalu’s grace!

Laloo Prasad Yadav image courtsey: rediff.com

Indian railway minister Mr. Lalu Prasad Yadav (a smart person with villager like antiques who turned the Indian Railway around and has become a case study subject even for the Harvard University) is also planning to enter in to jatropha cultivation in a big way, as Indian Railway has got millions of acres of waste lands spread all across the country there is tremendous scope for the railways to do it in economical scale. At present these lands are laying useless to anybody but antisocial elements, this decision can go a long way in boosting Railway’s image.

A rural bias.

The real beneficiaries of a serious conversion of Railway’s wastelands will be India’s rural folks who may get assured job and income once it is implemented. Such creative steps by local bodies and wasteland owners can open a new vista for small and medium enterprises as well as medium sized companies to start jatropha seed-crushing and biodiesel refining factories, sourcing the seeds from farmers and corporations thereby creating a win- win situation to all involved.

Oil and its unlimited requirements.

Even if the whole waste land of the earth is converted in to jatropha plantations it will not be enough to meet bourgeoning demand for fuel that is the size of the market, it may be boon to the farmers who are engaged in growing undesirable crops like tobacco or opium. Supply constraint in feedstock being the only concern it will be a seller’s market for long time to come.

Farmers of whole world, unite!

Farmer image courtsey: nue.okstate.edu

Present farmers who find markets unfriendly to absorb their produce may turn to this plant as producer is the king in a seller’s market. Farmers of all worlds, unite! You have nothing to loose but poverty, to gain a ready and receptive market! Where sellers are kings, live life king size.

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Jatropha - The Rag to Riches story of a humble plant.

Jatropha

Jatropha –The Rag to Riches Story of a Humble Plant !!!

Cinderella among plants

The story of a plant so far left uncared, un-attended and considered a menace has raised to the status of Cinderella- the poor house maid who happened to be the bride of the ruling prince! Jatropha (also known as physic-nut tree) is a shrub that used to grow every where required no manures, not to be watered; even pests left it uncared so it was not affected by any diseases. Being a vagabond in plant kingdom, people just let it grow on the hedges and the poor tree got the duty as a hedge-row plant. It bore seeds so far no one cared, who bothered of a useless seed of a waste land plant.

New suitors

All that has changed, the complete scenario has changed now this Cinderella is a princess with many suitors. Multinationals stand on knee before her for the “magnificent” fruits she bears. Jatropha fruits (looks like a grape- fruit four times its weight), each fruit contains three seeds about the size of a plum. These seeds contain about 35% oil that can be dehydrated can be used as “bio-diesel”, there is the point, this time of fuel crisis (not just shortage but being used as a weapon by those who own it) any thing that can be used as a substitute immediately gains public attention.

Bunches of oil

Jatropha being a shrub (a half sized tree belonging to the family euphorbiaceae) has a life span of about 50 years (hence periodical planting etc are not needed). It has succulent stem, single- lobbed large green leaves and grows to only eight to ten feet in height, and hence collection of fruits is easy. Each year it bears several bunches of fruits (each bunch has five to eight fruits) with oil- rich seeds, the oil is un-edible, but has some medicinal properties. The oil was previously used for making soaps and varnishes, the bio-diesel purpose is only a recently invented one.

It is all about money, honey!

The economics of planting it in commercial scale is baffling. The total oil yield will not be less than 1300 kilograms of seeds per hectare per year. It is about ten times the quantity corn can yield or 50% more than what sugarcane yield in ethanol. The money to be spent for cultivation is the most compelling aspect as it a perennial plant repeated planting is not necessary that saves much in cost. This crop generally requires no irrigation pesticide or manure. Only job of the farmer is to collect the fruits and send it to a mill or sell it outright and fill his pocket.

Brazilian the brave

Brazilians are very innovative and the last fuel crisis (when crude was traded above seventy dollars/barrel) was utilized by them as a great opportunity to market “ethanol’ the bio petrol extracted from molasses via sugar-cane root. All their sugar factories turned out to be ethanol units) At present when crude is trading 50+ a barrel they are all out to find a new opportunity in this crisis (falling crude prize!). If their concerted efforts bear fruits soon there will gallons and gallons of solution for the fuel crisis (the bio-diesel).

All gas no oil

About one year back Indian Railway Minister Mr. Lalu Prasad Yadav has declared that jatropha will be cultivated in the waste-lands owned by Indian Railway. It seems that his declaration ended up as just declaration –as the crude prize eased a tad. Further declarations will come only when crude will jump to 80+ dollars a barrel. Indian Railway has got plenty of waste-lands in its custody, even leasing out it for jatropha farmers could earn a hefty amount for the Railways and employment for the laborers.

A Lesson from Brazil

There on bio-diesel company (Bionasa) with participation with local investors is all set to plant 2, 00,000 hectares with jatropha, Brazil is all set to make blending of 2% bio-fuel mandatory and companies are in a race to meet the ensuing demand. Brazil is already the top maker and exporter of ethanol and it makes a tidy sum out of the oil crises that raise its head occasionally. There is all evidence to show that in the near future jatropha will rise as the most popular oil crop in that country.

Out-source it

Recently US government has raised its allocation for promoting bio-fuels about five times and that augurs well with the present trend of turning to alternate fuels. The corn route they have selected seems to be a wrong one as there is more scope in jatropha both in cost of production and oil yield. Let us hope America will spend some portion of the allocation in promoting jatropha plants. If America has no time for cultivation, it can be outsourced, India is here with a lot of waste lands and a lot of waste people to plant it!

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Jatropha - Much sense in Jatropha. Spare the Edible Oils